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About this product
Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(OCl)2. It is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, chlorine powder, or chlorinated lime, used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent.[1] This compound is relatively stable and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite.[2] It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow. It strongly smells of chlorine, owing to its slow decomposition in moist air.
Uses
Sanitation
Calcium hypochlorite is commonly used to sanitize public swimming pools and disinfect drinking water. Generally the commercial substances are sold with a purity of 65% to 73% with other chemicals present, such as calcium chloride and calcium carbonate, resulting from the manufacturing process. As a swimming pool chemical, it is blended with other chemicals less often than other forms of chlorine, due to dangerous reactions with some common pool chemicals. In solution, calcium hypochlorite could be used as a general purpose sanitizer,[4] but due to calcium residue, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is usually preferred.
Organic chemistry
Calcium hypochlorite is a general oxidizing agent and therefore finds some use in organic chemistry.[5] For instance the compound is used to cleave glycols, α-hydroxy carboxylic acids and keto acids to yield fragmented aldehydes or carboxylic acids.[6] Calcium hypochlorite can also be used in the haloform reaction to manufacture chloroform.[7] Calcium hypochlorite can be used to oxidize thiol and sulfide byproducts in organic synthesis and thereby reduce their odour and make them safe to dispose of.[8]
Technical Details
Names
Other names
Hypochlorous acid calcium salt, bleaching powder, calcium oxychloride, chloride of lime
Identifiers
CAS Number
7778-54-3
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:31342
ChEMBL
ChEMBL2251447
ChemSpider
22912
ECHA InfoCard
100.029.007
EC Number
231-908-7
KEGG
D01727
PubChem CID
24504
RTECS number
NH3485000
UNII
11DXB629VZ
UN number
1748 2208
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID1029700
show
InChI
show
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formula
Ca(OCl)2
Molar mass
142.98 g/mol
Appearance
white/gray powder
Density
2.35 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point
100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)
Boiling point
175 °C (347 °F; 448 K) decomposes
Solubility in water
21 g/100 mL at 25 °C
Solubility
reacts in alcohol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
H272, H302, H314, H400
Precautionary statements
P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
0
1
OX
Flash point
Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
850 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS)
ICSC 0638
Related compounds
Other anions
Calcium chloride
Other cations
Sodium hypochlorite
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
verify (what is ?)
Infobox references
Uses
Sanitation
Calcium hypochlorite is commonly used to sanitize public swimming pools and disinfect drinking water. Generally the commercial substances are sold with a purity of 65% to 73% with other chemicals present, such as calcium chloride and calcium carbonate, resulting from the manufacturing process. As a swimming pool chemical, it is blended with other chemicals less often than other forms of chlorine, due to dangerous reactions with some common pool chemicals. In solution, calcium hypochlorite could be used as a general purpose sanitizer,[4] but due to calcium residue, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is usually preferred.
Organic chemistry
Calcium hypochlorite is a general oxidizing agent and therefore finds some use in organic chemistry.[5] For instance the compound is used to cleave glycols, α-hydroxy carboxylic acids and keto acids to yield fragmented aldehydes or carboxylic acids.[6] Calcium hypochlorite can also be used in the haloform reaction to manufacture chloroform.[7] Calcium hypochlorite can be used to oxidize thiol and sulfide byproducts in organic synthesis and thereby reduce their odour and make them safe to dispose of.[8]
Technical Details
Names
Other names
Hypochlorous acid calcium salt, bleaching powder, calcium oxychloride, chloride of lime
Identifiers
CAS Number
7778-54-3
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:31342
ChEMBL
ChEMBL2251447
ChemSpider
22912
ECHA InfoCard
100.029.007
EC Number
231-908-7
KEGG
D01727
PubChem CID
24504
RTECS number
NH3485000
UNII
11DXB629VZ
UN number
1748 2208
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID1029700
show
InChI
show
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formula
Ca(OCl)2
Molar mass
142.98 g/mol
Appearance
white/gray powder
Density
2.35 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point
100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)
Boiling point
175 °C (347 °F; 448 K) decomposes
Solubility in water
21 g/100 mL at 25 °C
Solubility
reacts in alcohol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
H272, H302, H314, H400
Precautionary statements
P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
0
1
OX
Flash point
Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
850 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS)
ICSC 0638
Related compounds
Other anions
Calcium chloride
Other cations
Sodium hypochlorite
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
verify (what is ?)
Infobox references
